Electronic instructions, variation clauses and recovery for extra contractual work
Contract Act, 1872, authority, waiver, variation and acceptance must be considered with contract formalities.
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Commercial Contracts & Strategic Alliances
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Written Variations, Change Control and Informal Instructions in Commercial Contracts
A project rarely proceeds exactly as the parties envisaged at signing.
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Liquidated Damages, Indemnities and Liability Caps Under Pakistani Law
The same contract may contain a daily delay charge, a broad indemnity and a cap on liability. Unless the provisions are coordinated, neither party may know its actual exposure when something goes wrong. Under Pakistani law, recovery turns on the contractual wording and the principles governing compensation,.
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Payment Against Acceptance: The Clause That Can Delay an Entire Project
In supply, technology and construction agreements, the parties often negotiate price extensively while leaving acceptance to a few lines. That omission can change when payment becomes due, whether delay damages continue to run and who bears the cost of repeated testing. Acceptance provisions require the same.
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Terminating a Commercial Contract Without Creating a Larger Claim
A counterparty's defective performance may give a business good reasons to end a commercial relationship. Whether it has the legal right to terminate is a different question. An invalid termination can turn an arguable breach by the other party into a claim for damages against the party that purported to bring the contract to an.
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